Mechanism of Action
SAM-e works through three major pathways-transmethylation, aminopropylation and transsulfuration.
Transmethylation
During transmethylation, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM-e) influences nerve-cell communication by increasing the activity of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin. SAM-e also methylates phospholipids, which facilitate nerve-cell communication by maintaining the integrity of cell-wall structure and the fluidity of cell membranes. Phospholipids play an important role in many events occurring within the cell membrane and may be responsible for enzymatic and bioelectrical activity across membranes.
Aminopropylation
During aminopropylation, polyamines are produced, which are essential to cell and tissue growth and which may reduce inflammation and pain associated with osteoarthritis. Polyamines are thought to protect proteoglycans from enzyme attack, thereby helping to maintain the health of joint cartilage and reduce the effects of osteoarthritis. Polyamine synthesis is also responsible for cell growth and differentiation, gene expression, and neuron regeneration.
Transsulfuration
During transsulfuration, SAM-e stimulates the incorporation of sulfate into proteoglycans, which protect living joint tissue and maintain cartilage health. During this process, cysteine and glutathione are created, both of which have anti-inflammatory effects that may help explain SAM-e’s effectiveness in supporting joint health. Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant that helps to eliminate cytotoxic free radicals from the body.
